The smartphone landscape of 2026 is faster, smarter and more locally attuned than ever before in India. Over a billion people have interacted with AI tools, paid, shopped, watched and chatted in regional languages thanks to cheap 5G data. Today, apps are at the heart of everyday life, from street vendors taking payments through UPI to students seeking support on their AI tutors at midnight.
In this guide, we will discuss the best trending apps in India, the reasons behind their popularity, and interesting features they offer. From curious users to creators to business owners, these popular apps will give you an insight into the future of digital habits in India this year.
What Types of Apps Are in Demand in India?
- Messaging and communication: Secure and fast family, work and study chat and group call.
- Short video and social media: Reels, Shorts, entertainment and regional language videos to make money.
- UPI and fintech: Fast payment, bill reminders, investments and small loans.
- AI assistants: A tool for homework, coding, translation, and daily productivity.
- Ecommerce, social commerce: Festive sales, low prices and hassle-free returns, even in small towns.
- Streaming and music: Live cricket, movies, podcasts and custom playlists.
- Utility and safety apps: Spam filtering, navigation and ride hailing for everyday use.
- Seeings and learnings: Video meetings, webinars, and online lessons.
How We Checked These Apps
- Download strength: We considered the total number of downloads reported on Google Play.
- User ratings: Apps with high and consistent ratings received more weight.
- Market research: Popular app rankings and app-market reports from India were used for the selection.
- Daily relevance: As for whether people use the app daily or not, we found that the vast majority of people use it daily.
- Local fit: Vernacular support, low data performance, UPI or regional features were taken into account.
- Growth explanations: We mentioned the reasons behind the rise of these trending apps, whether it be AI, short video, or digital payments.
- Feature quality: The most useful features of each app were compared and summarised.
Top 20 Trending Apps in India (2026)
1. WhatsApp
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Messaging |
| Ratings | 4.3 / 5 |
| Downloads | 1 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.whatsapp |
| Why It’s Trending | Core communication app adding privacy-focused custom user profiles. |
| Best For | Daily Instant Messaging |
WhatsApp is still the engine of smartphone life in India. It’s not an app, it’s a utility—it’s needed by families, offices, schools, neighbourhoods. It is easy to use by anyone, even those who are tech-savvy, and is very stable even on a slow network.
Its benefits in growth are not limited to chatting. Business tools enable small shops to display catalogues, respond to customer queries and process orders, helping conversational commerce expand to tier-2 and tier-3 cities. It specializes in secure, end-to-end encrypted messaging and simple media sharing and group voice calls. In 2026, custom usernames are optional, providing an extra degree of privacy.
Key Features:
- Instant text messaging
- Secure voice calling
- HD video calls
- Status media updates
- Optional custom usernames
- Integrated business chats
2. YouTube
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Video Streaming |
| Ratings | 4.4 / 5 |
| Downloads | 5 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.youtube |
| Why It’s Trending | Direct dominance in local streaming and long/short format video engagement. |
| Best For | Video Entertainment |
YouTube is India’s number one destination for video. It’s enjoyed by people for learning new skills, studying for exams, listening to music, keeping up with news and watching creators from all over the state. Smart compression allows users to stream videos without wasting data packs in villages and small towns.
YouTube Shorts is the largest growth engine, as short-form videos are the preferred viewing habits of audiences across the region and offer a quick and easy way for new creators to get discovered. It’s best-known for a powerful recommendation engine delivering content in the viewer’s native language and taste. It also provides creators with a transparent path to monetizing with ads, memberships, and brand partnerships.
Key Features:
- Short-video Shorts engine
- Interactive live streaming
- Background audio playback
- Modular creator channels
- Smart offline downloads
- Advanced custom subtitles
3. Instagram
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Social Media |
| Ratings | 4.4 / 5 |
| Downloads | 1 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.instagram.android |
| Why It’s Trending | Unmatched Reels format retention and brand visual marketing. |
| Best For | Visual Creators |
Instagram is one of the most discussed trending apps among urban and semi-urban youngsters in India. It’s the source of fashion, food, travel, memes, and music trends. Users can watch for extended periods of time on Reels and connect with friends via Stories and direct messages.
Instagram is a free shopfront for small businesses. Local traders can post products in photos and videos, tag them for shopping, and connect with young customers with minimal investment. It is special because of the combination of creative AR filters and a smart recommendation system that ensures daily use. In addition, it is also used by influencers and creators to monetize followers.
Key Features:
- Immersive video Reels
- Interactive daily Stories
- AI recommendation engine
- Dynamic content filters
- Integrated direct messaging
- Native shopping tags
4. ChatGPT
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | AI Assistant |
| Ratings | 4.6 / 5 |
| Downloads | 100 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.openai.chatgpt |
| Why It’s Trending | Explosion in general AI adoption across corporate and academic workflows. |
| Best For | On-the-go Productivity |
Indian students, developers, writers, and office workers have all found ChatGPT to be a companion in their everyday use. It can clarify a difficult chapter, correct a line of code, send an email, or translate a message in seconds. Many users use it as a personal assistant who is always on hand in their pocket.
Freelancers and startup founders certainly see the growth benefit when they can do research, content, and support without hiring a large team. It’s a specialty that creates a conversational style that retains context, making long research sessions natural and connected. Its voice chat, document scanning and multi-language capabilities make it useful for users who like to speak or write in their own language.
Key Features:
- Instant voice interactions
- Advanced context understanding
- Real-time language translation
- Code analysis execution
- Document text scanning
- Custom GPT tools
5. PhonePe
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Fintech / UPI |
| Ratings | 4.6 / 5 |
| Downloads | 500 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.phonepe.app |
| Why It’s Trending | Dominates the unified payments market across small merchant networks. |
| Best For | Fast Payments |
PhonePe is one of India’s most trusted payment apps. Its QR codes are used by millions of merchants, including chai stalls, and large retail outlets. The app is capable of performing heavy transactions without any hassle, which is the reason why users use the app for renting, grocery shopping, travel, and their everyday budget.
The advantages of the growth extend beyond mere transfers. Customers can pay bills, purchase insurance and begin investing in small mutual funds in the same place. It’s particularly known for speed and efficiency, even if the network reception is weak, as that can be a huge issue in rural areas. Split expenses and bill reminders are among features that allow people to handle finances without stress.
Key Features:
- Swift UPI transfers
- Automated utility bills
- Instant insurance purchases
- Mutual fund investments
- Split expenses function
- QR code scanning
6. Google Pay
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Fintech / UPI |
| Ratings | 4.5 / 5 |
| Downloads | 500 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.nbu.paisa.user |
| Why It’s Trending | Seamless, secure tech infrastructure backed by interactive gamified rewards. |
| Best For | Secure Transactions |
Google Pay is one of the most trusted trending apps for digital payments in India. It is also simple to send money to friends, family or store owners because of its clean design. For large transactions, robust security measures like biometric locks provide users with peace of mind.
Google Pay cuts down on checkout friction for online businesses, thereby increasing the number of purchases made. It’s known for its seasonal campaigns, particularly the scratchcards which draw users back consistently. The app also maintains a clean spending log, allowing the user to track expenses, top up phones, and locate nearby merchants without opening a different app.
Key Features:
- Direct bank-to-bank UPI
- Gamified scratchcard rewards
- Real-time expense logs
- Direct mobile recharges
- Biometric security locks
- In-app merchant lookup
7. Snapchat
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Communication |
| Ratings | 4.2 / 5 |
| Downloads | 1 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.snapchat.android |
| Why It’s Trending | High engagement via daily Snap Streaks and interactive geo-mapping. |
| Best For | Gen-Z Socializing |
Snapchat is a popular messaging app among Indian youths and adolescents, where they share snaps and do short videos. Disappearing snaps are seen as spontaneous and private, which inspires people to share real-life updates with close friends.
Local lenses and fun camera features have helped the app expand across other platforms. Snap Streaks builds a habit and Snap Map tells friends where the fun’s at. It specializes in highly accurate augmented reality effects and images for faces and their environments. Spotlight is also a great platform for young creators to upload short videos to a large audience.
Key Features:
- Disappearing snaps
- Localized AR lenses
- Interactive Snap Map
- Real-time friend streaks
- Spotlight short video
- Custom Bitmoji avatars
8. Telegram
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Messaging |
| Ratings | 4.1 / 5 |
| Downloads | 1 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.telegram.messenger |
| Why It’s Trending | Uncapped large-scale community building and heavy asset sharing. |
| Best For | Large Communities |
Telegram is the preferred app for large groups and public channels in India. It is used by students to share notes and study material, teachers to run lessons and news publishers to reach thousands of subscribers in an instant. It is very useful for putting up huge file resources.
Businesses and content publishers reap the rewards of growth with the ability of a programmable bot to answer questions, send updates and automate mundane tasks. It specializes in a cloud-based chat system, meaning that your media and messages are secure even if you switch phones. It’s flexible for both personal and professional use thanks to multi-device sync, custom themes, and huge broadcast channels.
Key Features:
- Massive broadcast channels
- Programmable custom bots
- Uncapped file sharing
- Secure cloud-based chats
- Custom theme styling
- Multi-device sync
9. Truecaller
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Utility / Tools |
| Ratings | 4.4 / 5 |
| Downloads | 1 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.truecaller |
| Why It’s Trending | Critical daily shield against rising telemarketing fraud and spam calls. |
| Best For | Spam Call Blocking |
As spam and fraud calls increase, Truecaller is among the most convenient trending apps for day-to-day safety in India. It lets you know who is calling you before you answer the phone, helping you avoid unrecognized sales calls and odd numbers. For many users, that peace of mind is worth the install.
Its growth strength is in the power of the community. Millions of reported spam numbers help warn others about potential phishing or financial scams. The specialty is its AI-powered spam detection, which automatically detects and blocks risky callers. It’s a handy all-round caller companion with extra tools such as a smart inbox, flash messages and number lookup.
Key Features:
- Live caller identification
- AI spam blocking
- Smart sorted inbox
- Flash emergency messaging
- Direct number lookup
- Secure cloud backups
10. Flipkart
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | E-Commerce |
| Ratings | 4.4 / 5 |
| Downloads | 500 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.flipkart.android |
| Why It’s Trending | Unbeatable heavy holiday festive events and flexible micro-credit programs. |
| Best For | Online Shopping |
Flipkart is a home for shopping for millions of Indians. It has everything from phones to laptops, from kitchen gadgets to fashion items and its major sales events attract a lot of shoppers annually. Simple language options and a simple layout make first time online shoppers feel comfortable.
The platform brings about good growth benefits to the sellers as it connects small industries with local brands to the people of the country. Its niche is payment flexibilities such as Pay Later, EMI options, and hassle-free product swaps. Additional extras like voice search functionality, real-time order tracking, and rewards like SuperCoins provide added value for frequent users, who appreciate saving money on each purchase.
Key Features:
- Voice-guided local search
- Multi-lingual app interface
- Integrated Pay Later credit
- Easy returns processing
- Real-time order tracking
- SuperCoins loyalty rewards
11. Amazon India
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | E-Commerce |
| Ratings | 4.3 / 5 |
| Downloads | 100 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.amazon.mShop.android.shopping |
| Why It’s Trending | All-in-one execution encompassing subscription media streaming and retail deliveries. |
| Best For | Household Shopping |
Amazon India is an all-in-one shopping and lifestyle app for urban households. Users can order electronics, groceries, books and home items and pay bills and recharge services from the same location. It has a wide distribution network and great tracking and updates in many smaller towns.
Sellers and global brands seeking to gain entry into Indian cities with a degree of trust and scalable growth are well served by the marketplace. It’s known for the Prime membership, which brings video streaming, delivery speed and more. The app is user-friendly with several features such as miniTV, voice ordering in multiple languages, and secure checkout process, which is convenient for both fast and planned shopping.
Key Features:
- Prime express delivery
- Consolidated utility settlements
- In-app miniTV streaming
- Package tracking updates
- Secure checkout vault
- Multi-lingual voice ordering
12. ShareChat
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Social Media |
| Ratings | 4.2 / 5 |
| Downloads | 500 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.mohalla.sharechat |
| Why It’s Trending | Deeply tailored regional vernacular media support across non-English speaking crowds. |
| Best For | Regional Users |
ShareChat is an indigenous social platform designed for regional language users in India. It eliminates the need for English and allows people to watch videos, memes, greetings, and news in their native language. This is the reason it is one of the trending apps developed for Bharat.
People from small towns can benefit from the app as they will easily find an audience within their language community without having to be present in a big city to be successful. It is known for its multi-dialect typing system and light media loading that is suitable for budget phones with limited data. It’s user-friendly for everyday use thanks to chat rooms, greeting card tools and a data saver mode.
Key Features:
- 15+ Indian languages
- Direct chat rooms
- Simple greeting card creator
- Localized news feeds
- Integrated data saver mode
- Fast audio sharing
13. Moj
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Short Video |
| Ratings | 4.2 / 5 |
| Downloads | 100 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.mohalla.video |
| Why It’s Trending | High adoption as a primary native replacement for short-video format browsing. |
| Best For | Aspiring Video Creators |
Moj is a short-video app which provides active platform to Indian creators for dance, comedy, cooking, and common talent. It is brimming with regional music and culture and as such has a feel of familiarity with the culture of its users. This is where a lot of new creators begin their careers.
Growth benefits encompass brand partnerships and virtual gifting, enabling active creators to monetize their content. It is known for its simple music layer, allowing users to overlay popular regional music on their videos with a few taps. Create, share, and enhance videos easily with the duet tool, visual effects, Creator analytics, and fast video export.
Key Features:
- Advanced visual effects
- Duet creation tool
- Extensive Indian audio library
- Real-time virtual gifting
- Creator analytics workspace
- Fast video export
14. Paytm
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Fintech / Wallet |
| Ratings | 4.3 / 5 |
| Downloads | 100 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.one97.paytm |
| Why It’s Trending | Trusted comprehensive merchant ecosystem and flexible financial utility tools. |
| Best For | All-in-One Payments |
Paytm is a financial super-app which integrates payments, banking, ticket booking and wallet services. Consumers use it to pay bills, recharge, purchase travel tickets and FASTag, and shopkeepers use it to receive payment and handle their daily transactions.
It’s healthy for the retailers, particularly if used via the Soundbox device that makes the payment audible for the seller to confirm that cash has been deposited. It’s known for its wide network of services that connect with regularity to personal credit on the fly. It’s convenient for users who prefer to complete multiple tasks in a single app and the secure cloud billing vault keeps records neatly organized and readily accessible.
Key Features:
- Pocket wallet transfers
- Voice-activated Soundbox alerts
- Transit and event tickets
- Instant micro-credit lines
- FASTag payment management
- Secure cloud billing vault
15. Spotify
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Music Streaming |
| Ratings | 4.3 / 5 |
| Downloads | 1 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.spotify.music |
| Why It’s Trending | Massive localized playlist curations and skyrocketing podcast listens. |
| Best For | Music Enthusiasts |
Spotify has become a popular trending app among music and podcast enthusiasts in India. Its custom curated playlists combine Bollywood, local bops, international pop and artist originality, meaning there’s always something new for each listener. The podcast archive has been expanded to include topics on education, technology, comedy and storytelling.
The platform provides indie musicians with clear performance dashboards and a fair opportunity to reach new fans. It’s best known for its smart audio streaming, which maintains rich and balanced sound on simple phones and earphones. During travel, study, workouts, or quiet evenings at home, the listening experience is smooth thanks to offline downloads, live lyrics, multi-device control and easy sharing links.
Key Features:
- Personalized mix playlists
- Expansive local podcasts
- Offline audio downloads
- Real-time lyric display
- Multi-device remote sync
- Social audio sharing
16. Meesho
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | E-Commerce |
| Ratings | 4.3 / 5 |
| Downloads | 100 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.meesho.supply |
| Why It’s Trending | Unbeatable zero-commission social commerce tailored for budget shoppers. |
| Best For | Budget Retail Buyers |
Meesho has revolutionized online shopping in smaller towns in India by providing affordable fashion, home, and daily essentials at extremely low prices. It reduces the added cost and transfers savings to the customer by bringing buyers near to wholesalers and manufacturers.
The app also offers genuine opportunities to earn real money. Product sharing through social media groups and earning without spending much money can be done by homemakers, students, or small resellers. It is known for its light yet data-rich design, which is ideal for budget phones. Onboarding is done without commission, and COD establishes trust for first-time online buyers who still like to pay at the door.
Key Features:
- Zero commission onboarding
- Direct factory prices
- Secure cash on delivery
- Social sharing integrations
- Simple product search
- Lightweight app installation
17. Google Maps
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Navigation |
| Ratings | 4.3 / 5 |
| Downloads | 5 Billion+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.maps |
| Why It’s Trending | Crucial daily positioning tool for urban transit and local search. |
| Best For | Commuters / Delivery |
Google Maps is the instrument that leads India daily. It is used by office workers to beat the traffic, by partners of deliveries to locate addresses, and by travellers to discover new cities. It will automatically adjust routes when the road conditions change, saving time and fuel on busy days.
The app is very helpful for local shops and restaurants since people looking for a local restaurant can easily locate them. It has a niche, namely live traffic data which is useful to estimate road delays for cars, buses and trains with a reasonable accuracy. It is very handy for short or long trips, as well as for offline maps, public transportation timetables and a comprehensive business directory.
Key Features:
- Live traffic updates
- Public transit schedules
- Two-wheeler routing
- Offline map saving
- Local business discovery
- Voice-guided navigation
18. Zoom Workplace
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Productivity |
| Ratings | 4.2 / 5 |
| Downloads | 500 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=us.zoom.videomeetings |
| Why It’s Trending | Universal adoption for enterprise hybrid office alignments and online schooling. |
| Best For | Corporate Remote Meetings |
Zoom Workplace remains one of the popular hybrid office, online learning, and virtual event applications in India. Users can collaborate with teammates in the same city or screen share and meet in person without lengthy travel. High quality audio and video reduce fatigue from long meetings.
For companies that host webinars or training sessions for large audiences, without having to rent out expensive venues, the platform offers growth benefits. It is particularly known for its collaborative features, such as a virtual whiteboard and live captioning, which allows users to engage with conversations in various accents. For professionals working from home, secure encryption and virtual backgrounds provide comfort and privacy.
Key Features:
- HD video conferencing
- Interactive digital canvas
- Automated live transcription
- Screen sharing tools
- Secure data encryption
- Virtual background layers
19. JioHotstar
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Entertainment |
| Ratings | 4.1 / 5 |
| Downloads | 100 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.startv.hotstar |
| Why It’s Trending | Massive combined streaming catalogue featuring major live sports events. |
| Best For | Live Sports Streaming |
JioHotstar is the premier live cricket, sports, movies and TV streaming home in India. During big games, the apps hit their peak audience numbers, and fans from across the country converge on the app to watch the game together. It also provides a lot of regional movies and serials.
For advertisers, the platform promises solid growth figures, as they can tap into millions of engaged viewers during the most popular live events. Its special feature is a robust streaming system designed to serve massive audiences simultaneously without compromising quality. It’s flexible for the whole family with multi-language commentary, smart resolution control, multi-angle camera options and children’s profiles.
Key Features:
- High-speed live sports
- Extensive regional movies
- Multi-angle camera options
- Multi-language commentary
- Smart resolution auto-scaling
- Dedicated kids profiles
20. Uber
| Detail | Information |
| Primary Use | Ride Hailing |
| Ratings | 4.4 / 5 |
| Downloads | 500 Million+ |
| Availability | Android, iOS |
| App Link | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ubercab |
| Why It’s Trending | Core transport utility across high-density urban office corridors. |
| Best For | Urban Daily Commuting |
Uber has made commuting easier in big cities and expanding second-tier cities in India. Riders don’t search for a car at the roadside, they reserve a trip in a few taps, view the driver’s profile and track the journey in real time. The feeling of safety and clarity makes it one of the most helpful trending apps for commuters.
It is also home to local drivers and the owners of the vehicles who are regularly in demand and get paid on time. It’s known for its innovative dispatching system, which matches riders with the closest available driver, reducing wait times to mere minutes. Riders can select comfort, budget or speed with the help of emergency safety buttons, mutual ratings, and some vehicle options.
Key Features:
- Real-time GPS tracking
- Two-way rating system
- Automated dynamic fares
- In-app safety buttons
- Multiple vehicle classes
- Cashless wallet checkout
How to Choose the Right One for You
- Identify your objective first: Make sure you choose apps, which address a true need in your daily life, for example, Payments, Shopping, or Study.
- Review your phone storage: If you’re using an entry-level phone, then lightweight applications such as Meesho or ShareChat are good options.
- Consider data consumption: Check for data saving features, offline downloads, and low data configurations.
- Use your own language: Use applications that are more capable in supporting regional languages for better user experience.
- Check out ratings and reviews: Reliable service is indicated by higher ratings and newer reviews.
- Respect privacy: Check permissions and use biometric locks or 2-step verification.
- Use the free version first: If it really helps you then upgrade; if not, please do not.
- Keep things simple: Normally, 2 payment apps plus one app for each purpose are sufficient.
- Fit the app to your lifestyle: Creators can enjoy Instagram or YouTube, while commuters could prefer maps and Uber. From all the popular apps, pick the ones that are suitable for your lifestyle.
Conclusion
In 2026, India’s app market is a vibrant blend of international giants and locally developed apps. Every app has found success because of its ability to address a genuine need in a simple, affordable and local manner, from WhatsApp and YouTube to PhonePe, Meesho and ChatGPT. The AI, UPI, short video and vernacular are obvious drivers of the transformation.
Selecting the right trending apps can save time, money, and effort, and make everyday tasks easier. Only download what you need, don’t take anything else, keep your data safe, and look for new tools as they become available. The digital revolution is taking the toll in India and these Apps are taking off with millions of people.
FAQs
Which app has the most downloads in India?
YouTube and Google Maps are the number one two apps with 5 billion+ downloads on Google Play.
What Indian payment apps are the best?
The most popular UPI and payment trending apps are PhonePe, Google Pay, and Paytm.
Why is Chat GPT so popular in India?
It is used for learning, coding, writing, and translating by students, professionals and freelancers.
What is the most suitable application for those who don’t speak English?
ShareChat is designed for users who live in the region and supports 15+ languages of India.
Are these apps free to download?
Yes, they are all free to install, but may have paid plans or in-app purchases.
